Disinformation and propaganda have the potential to erode trust, exacerbate societal divides, and
hinder political engagement. Over the past few years, the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war of
aggression in Ukraine have accelerated the dissemination of misinformation. In response to this
challenge, numerous countries have been developing strategies to address this issue. Notably, the
European Union has implemented crucial regulations, including the Digital Services Act, and is
actively pursuing additional initiatives such as the Media Freedom Act. It is necessary for the
democratic societies to develop strategies to fight the spread of disinformation and propaganda
while upholding the principles of free speech and independent journalism.